Research can be classified in
many different ways on the basis of the methodology of research, the knowledge
it creates, the user group, the research problem it investigates etc,.
BASIC RESEARCH
The
research which is done for knowledge enhancement, the research which does not
have immediate commercial potential. The research which is done for human
welfare, animal welfare and plant kingdom welfare. It is called basic, pure,
fundamental research. The main motivation is to expand man's knowledge, not to
create or invent something.
APPLIED RESEARCH
Applied
research is designed to solve practical problem of the modern world, rather
than to acquire knowledge for knowledges sake. The goal of applied research is
to improve the human condition. It focus on analysis and solving social and
real life problems. This research is generally conducted on large scale basis,
it is expensive. As such, it often conducted with the support of some financing
agency like government, public corporation, world bank, UNICEF, UGC,Etc,.
According to hunt, “applied research is an investigation for ways of using
scientific knowledge to solve practical problems” for example:- improve
agriculture crop production, treat or cure a specific disease, improve the
energy efficiency homes, offices, how can communication among workers in large
companies be improved? Applied research can be further classified as problem
oriented and problem solving research.
Problem
oriented research: - research is done by industry apex body for sorting out
problems faced by all the companies. Eg:- WTO does problem oriented research
for developing countries, in india agriculture and processed food export
development authority (APEDA) conduct regular research for the benefit of
agri-industry.
Problem
solving:-this type of research is done by an individual company for the problem
faced by it. Marketing research and market research are the applied research.
For eg: - videocon international conducts research to study customer
satisfaction level, it will be problem solving research. In short, the main aim
of applied research is to discover some solution for some pressing practical
problem.
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
This
research is based on numeric figures or numbers. Quantitative research aim to
measure the quantity or amount and compares it with past records and tries to
project for future period. In social sciences, “quantitative research refers to
the systematic empirical investigation of quantitative properties and phenomena
and their relationships”. The objective of quantitative research is to develop
and employ mathematical models, theories or hypothesis pertaining to phenomena.
The
process of measurement is central to quantitative research because it provides
fundamental connection between empirical observation and mathematical
expression of quantitative relationships. Statistics is the most widely used
branch of mathematics in quantitative research. Statistical methods are used
extensively with in fields such as economics and commerce.
Quantitative
research involving the use of structured questions, where the response options
have been Pre-determined and large number of respondents is involved. eg:-total
sales of soap industry in terms of rupees cores and or quantity in terms of
lakhs tones for particular year, say 2008,could be researched, compared with
past 5 years and then projection for 2009 could be made.
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
Qualitative
research presents non-quantitative type of analysis. Qualitative research is
collecting, analyzing and interpreting data by observing what people do and
say. Qualitative research refers to the meanings, definitions, characteristics,
symbols, metaphors, and description of things. Qualitative research is much
more subjective and uses very different methods of collecting information, mainly
individual, in-depth interviews and focus groups.
The
nature of this type of research is exploratory and open ended. Small number of
people are interviewed in depth and or a relatively small number of focus
groups are conducted. Qualitative research can be further classified in the
following type.
I.
Phenomenology:-a form of research in which the researcher attempts to
understand how one or more individuals experience a phenomenon. Eg:-we might
interview 20 victims of bhopal tragedy.
II.
Ethnography: - this type of research focuses on describing the culture of a
group of people. A culture is the shared attributes, values, norms, practices,
language, and material things of a group of people. Eg:-the researcher might
decide to go and live with the tribal in Andaman island and study the culture
and the educational practices.
III. Case
study:-is a form of qualitative research that is focused on providing a
detailed account of one or more cases. Eg:-we may study a classroom that was
given a new curriculum for technology use.
IV.
Grounded theory:- it is an inductive type of research, based or grounded in the
observations of data from which it was developed; it uses a variety of data
sources, including quantitative data, review of records, interviews,
observation and surveys
V.
Historical research:-it allows one to discuss past and present events in the
context of the present condition, and allows one to reflect and provide
possible answers to current issues and problems. Eg:-the lending pattern of
business in the 19th century.
In
addition to the above, we also have the descriptive research. Fundamental
research, of which this is based on establishing various theories
Also the
research is classified in to 1. Descriptive research 2. Analytical research 3.
Fundamental research 4. Conceptual research 5. Empirical research 6. One time
research or longitudinal research 7. Field-setting research or laboratory
research or simulation research
8. Clinical or diagnostic
research
9. Exploratory research
10. Historical research
11. conclusion oriented research
Good morning, how are you?
ReplyDeleteMy name is Emilio, I am a Spanish boy and I live in a town near to Madrid. I am a very interested person in knowing things so different as the culture, the way of life of the inhabitants of our planet, the fauna, the flora, and the landscapes of all the countries of the world etc. in summary, I am a person that enjoys traveling, learning and respecting people's diversity from all over the world.
I would love to travel and meet in person all the aspects above mentioned, but unfortunately as this is very expensive and my purchasing power is quite small, so I devised a way to travel with the imagination in every corner of our planet. A few years ago I started a collection of used stamps because through them, you can see pictures about fauna, flora, monuments, landscapes etc. from all the countries. As every day is more and more difficult to get stamps, some years ago I started a new collection in order to get traditional letters addressed to me in which my goal was to get at least 1 letter from each country in the world. This modest goal is feasible to reach in the most part of countries, but unfortunately, it is impossible to achieve in other various territories for several reasons, either because they are very small countries with very few population, either because they are countries at war, either because they are countries with extreme poverty or because for whatever reason the postal system is not functioning properly.
For all this, I would ask you one small favor:
Would you be so kind as to send me a letter by traditional mail from Ethiopia? I understand perfectly that you think that your blog is not the appropriate place to ask this, and even, is very probably that you ignore my letter, but I would call your attention to the difficulty involved in getting a letter from that country, and also I don’t know anyone neither where to write in Ethiopia in order to increase my collection. a letter for me is like a little souvenir, like if I have had visited that territory with my imagination and at same time, the arrival of the letters from a country is a sign of peace and normality and an original way to promote a country in the world. My postal address is the following one:
Emilio Fernandez Esteban
Calle Valencia, 39
28903 Getafe (Madrid)
Spain
If you wish, you can visit my blog www.cartasenmibuzon.blogspot.com where you can see the pictures of all the letters that I have received from whole World.
Finally, I would like to thank the attention given to this letter, and whether you can help me or not, I send my best wishes for peace, health and happiness for you, your family and all your dear beings.
Yours Sincerely
Emilio Fernandez