Firecracker is a light-weight virtualization
technology that has been open-sourced by Amazon Web Services. Developers can
use Firecracker to create and operate micro virtual machines (micro VMs) that
host multi-tenant containers and run in conjunction with AWS serverless
technologies.
Firecracker allows developers to
combine the efficiency and high performance of containers with the security and
isolation of traditional VMs and hardware-based virtualization. Firecracker
also implements a virtual machine monitor (VMM).
As of this writing, Firecracker
cannot be used with Kubernetes, Docker or Kata containers, but AWS says it does
have plans to extend Firecracker to other major container ecosystems.
Firecracker
specifications
Firecracker is written in the
Rust programming language and can currently run on Intel processors, with AMD
and ARM processor support expected in 2019. Firecracker is available under the
Apache version 2.0 open source license.
Firecracker uses the KVM
hypervisor architecture for Linux. AWS developed the virtualization technology
with minimal elements to increase boot speeds, reduce attack surface and
maximize server utilization. To further optimize performance, a user is only
able to boot recent Linux kernels, and Firecracker doesn't support graphics,
accelerators or most legacy devices.
In addition, each micro VM
created with Firecracker has a memory overhead of less than 5 MiB, which
enables a higher density of isolated containers that can run on a single
server.
A user can launch micro VMs in as
little as 125 milliseconds, and create as many as 150 micro VMs per second per
host, according to AWS.
Firecracker
and serverless
AWS open sourced Firecracker,
which it already used internally to improve resource utilization and user
experience for services such as AWS Lambda and AWS Fargate.
With Fargate, for example,
Firecracker accelerates the deployment of Fargate Tasks. Previously, those
Tasks would consist of one or multiple Docker containers that run inside an
Amazon EC2 VM to remain isolated. Now, Fargate Tasks can run on Firecracker
micro VMs, which enables faster provisioning times on EC2 bare metal instances.
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