A gig economy is a free market system in which
temporary positions are common and organizations contract with independent
workers for short-term engagements. A study by Intuit predicted that by 2020,
40 percent of American workers would be independent contractors.
There
are a number of forces behind the rise in short-term jobs. For one thing, in
this digital age, the workforce is increasingly mobile and work can
increasingly be done from anywhere, so that job and location are decoupled.
That means that freelancers can select among temporary jobs and projects around
the world, while employers can select the best individuals for specific
projects from a larger pool than that available in any given area.
Digitization
has also contributed directly to a decrease in jobs as software replaces some
types of work and means that others take much less time. Other influences
include financial pressures on businesses leading to further staff reductions
and the entrance of the Milennial generation into the workforce. The current
reality is that people tend to change jobs several times throughout their
working lives; the gig economy can be seen as an evolution of that trend.
In
a gig economy, businesses save resources in terms of benefits, office space and
training. They also have the ability to contract with experts for specific
projects who might be too high-priced to maintain on staff. From the
perspective of the freelancer, a gig economy can improve work-life balance over
what is possible in most jobs. Ideally, the model is powered by independent
workers selecting jobs that they're interested in, rather than one in which
people are forced into a position where, unable to attain employment, they pick
up whatever temporary gigs they can land.
The
gig economy is part of a shifting cultural and environment that also includes
the sharing economy, the gift economy and the barter economy.
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