A
virtual assistant, also called AI assistant or digital assistant, is
an application program that understands natural
language voice commands and completes tasks for the user.
Such tasks, historically performed by a personal assistant or secretary, include taking dictation, reading text or email messages aloud, looking up phone numbers, scheduling, placing phone calls and reminding the end user about appointments. Popular virtual assistants currently include Amazon Alexa, Apple's Siri, Google Assistant and Microsoft's Cortana -- the digital assistant built into Windows Phone 8.1 and Windows 10.
Types
of virtual assistants
Though
this definition focuses on the digital form of virtual assistants, the term virtual
assistant, or virtual personal assistant, is also commonly used to describe
contract workers who work from home doing administrative tasks typically
performed by executive assistants or secretaries.
Virtual
assistants can also be contrasted with another type of consumer-facing AI
programming, called smart advisers. Smart adviser programs are
subject-oriented, while virtual assistants are task-oriented.
Virtual
assistant devices and technology
Virtual
assistants are typically cloud-based programs that require internet-connected
devices and/or applications to work. Three such applications are Siri on Apple
devices, Cortana on Microsoft Devices and Google Assistant on Android devices.
There
are also devices dedicated to providing virtual assistance. The most popular
ones are available from Amazon, Google and Microsoft. To use the Amazon Echo
virtual assistant, called Alexa, users call out the wake word,
"Alexa." A light on the device signals to the user it is ready to
receive a command, which typically involves simple language requests, such as
"what is the weather today," or "play pop music." Those
requests are processed and stored in Amazon's cloud.
The technologies that power virtual
assistants require massive amounts of data, which feeds artificial intelligence
(AI) platforms, including machine learning, natural language processing and speech
recognition platforms. As the end user interacts with a virtual assistant, the
AI programming uses sophisticated algorithms to learn from data input
and become better at predicting the end user's needs.
Virtual assistant
capabilities
Virtual assistants typically
perform simple jobs for end users, such as adding tasks to a calendar;
providing information that would normally be searched in a web browser; or
controlling and checking the status of smart home devices, including lights,
cameras and thermostats.
Users also task virtual assistants
to make and receive phone calls, create text messages, get directions, hear
news and weather reports, find hotels or restaurants, check flight reservations,
hear music, or play games.
Virtual assistant
privacy concerns
Some
consumers have expressed privacy concerns about virtual assistants, such as
Amazon Alexa and Google Home, because these virtual assistants require large
amounts of personal data and are always "listening" in order to
respond to voice commands. Virtual assistants then retain voice interactions
and personal information to improve the user experience.
Cortana,
for example, works best by using data from a user's device, including emails
and other communications, a user's contacts, location data, search history, and
data from other Microsoft services and skills -- third-party applications --
that users choose to connect with. Users can choose not to sign in and share
this data with Cortana, and adjust permissions to prevent certain data from
being collected, though these actions limit the virtual assistant's usefulness.
Virtual assistant providers also
maintain privacy policies, which define how each company uses and shares
personal information. In most cases, companies do not share
customer-identifiable information without a customer's consent.
The future of
virtual assistants
Virtual assistants are quickly
evolving to provide more capabilities and value to users. As speech recognition
and natural language processing advances, so too will a virtual assistant's
ability to understand and perform requests. And as voice recognition technology
improves, virtual assistant use will move deeper into business workflows.
Tomorrow's virtual assistants will
be built with more advanced cognitive computing technologies,
which will allow a virtual assistant to understand and carry out multistep
requests and perform more complex tasks, such as making a plane reservation.
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