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Paid time off (PTO) is a human resource management (HRM) policy
that provides employees with a pool of bankable hours that can be used for
any purpose. Also known as personal time off, the acronym PTO is generally
used to describe any period of time that an employee is paid while taking
leave from work.
In a large corporation, a PTO policy typically bundles employees' personal
days off, sick days and vacation time in a single block of hours rather than
specifying separate numbers of days allowable for each reason. PTO plans are
used primarily in the United States, where there are no laws for minimum
vacation time.
In addition to documenting the number of paid hours for an individual
employee, a PTO policy might include what yearly rollover (if any) is allowed
and whether or not time can be taken off in lieu of overtime. The policy
should also specify whether or not an employee can cash out unused PTO when
leaving the company. In the U.S., PTO policies are becoming more common, but
employers must be aware of state laws to ensure that their PTO policy is
enforceable.
Some benefits of PTO:
Some disadvantages of PTO:
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A black swan event is an incident that occurs randomly and unexpectedly and has wide-spread ramifications. The event is usually followed with reflection and a flawed rationalization that it was inevitable. The phrase illustrates the frailty of inductive reasoning and the danger of making sweeping generalizations from limited observations. The term came from the idea that if a man saw a thousand swans and they were all white, he might logically conclude that all swans are white. The flaw in his logic is that even when the premises are true, the conclusion can still be false. In other words, just because the man has never seen a black swan, it does not mean they do not exist. As Dutch explorers discovered in 1697, black swans are simply outliers -- rare birds, unknown to Europeans until Willem de Vlamingh and his crew visited Australia. Statistician Nassim Nicholas Taleb uses the phrase black swan as a metaphor for how humans deal with unpredictable events in his 2007...
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